King Rudolf II of Bohemia was Catholic, but allowed his subjects to be Protestants. His successor Ferdinand (r.from 1617)did not make good on this promise, so the Bohemians replaced him with Frederick II. Ferdinand got an army from the Catholic Maximillian of Bavaria, and the defeated Frederick II. The Dutch Revolt and the Spanish Armada also took place during Phase 1 of the Thirty Years' War.
Phase 2 (1621-1630)
The Spanish began to persecute the Dutch again, and Albrecht von Wallenstein decided to wipe out the Holy Roman Empire's Protestants. Ferdinand also wanted to get rid of the Empire's Protestants, and the Peace of Augsburg. So, Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution in 1629, ordering that all the lands Catholics had lost to Protestants since 1552 had to be returned.
Phase 3 (1630-1632)
*Phase 3 marked the Thirty Years' War's shift from a religious to a political war.* Both the Catholic and Protestant princes united against Wallenstein, and forced him to be removed, under the threat that they would keep Ferdinand's son from ascending to the throne. The Swedish Gustavus Adolphus invaded the Holy Roman Empire. Wallenstein then returned to fight Gustavus, but was defeated. Although the Swedes won, Gustavus was killed, and Wallenstein was fired again.
Phase 4 (1632-1648)
Everybody turned against the Habsburgs. The French and Swedes declared war on Ferdinand, and pounded on the Holy Roman Empire for about 13 years. The Thirty Years War concludes in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia
The Thirty Years' War
Phase 1 (1618-1621)
King Rudolf II of Bohemia was Catholic, but allowed his subjects to be Protestants. His successor Ferdinand (r.from 1617)did not make good on this promise, so the Bohemians replaced him with Frederick II. Ferdinand got an army from the Catholic Maximillian of Bavaria, and the defeated Frederick II. The Dutch Revolt and the Spanish Armada also took place during Phase 1 of the Thirty Years' War.Phase 2 (1621-1630)
The Spanish began to persecute the Dutch again, and Albrecht von Wallenstein decided to wipe out the Holy Roman Empire's Protestants. Ferdinand also wanted to get rid of the Empire's Protestants, and the Peace of Augsburg. So, Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution in 1629, ordering that all the lands Catholics had lost to Protestants since 1552 had to be returned.Phase 3 (1630-1632)
*Phase 3 marked the Thirty Years' War's shift from a religious to a political war.* Both the Catholic and Protestant princes united against Wallenstein, and forced him to be removed, under the threat that they would keep Ferdinand's son from ascending to the throne. The Swedish Gustavus Adolphus invaded the Holy Roman Empire. Wallenstein then returned to fight Gustavus, but was defeated. Although the Swedes won, Gustavus was killed, and Wallenstein was fired again.Phase 4 (1632-1648)
Everybody turned against the Habsburgs. The French and Swedes declared war on Ferdinand, and pounded on the Holy Roman Empire for about 13 years. The Thirty Years War concludes in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia